Information Anxiety (a.k.a. Pre-Junebug Ramble)
August 19th, 2005Working at home and being connected (online) all the time is getting to me. On the train downtown I was visibly anxious about not being able to Google something (anything). My head was sort of spinning. (So much to do! So much to learn!) I started reading a magazine but my attention kept drifting. . .
I just recently came across the term “continuous partial attention”[1] defined as “the state of mental blurriness thought to be induced when information is constantly pouring in from multiple sources”. This pretty much describes me on many afternoons after a day of delving into information (or at times just “data” as defined by Wurman[2]) on multiple topics with multiple mental contexts simultaneously.
It starts with a single task and then multiplies due to the nature of the web; information linking invites associations and tangents—on-topic and off. I start looking for a simple bit of information, an answer to a query: work-related, personal, it doesn’t matter. I Google; I explore; I crosslink, and at some point my interest drifts from the primary task to a tangent. The tangent could be triggered by new or unexpected information related to the primary task or, due to the nature of my job[3], brought about by some aspect of the web interface itself (which could trigger a digression involving the underling technology of the interface) or maybe it something else completely (unrelated to the primary task, subtask, or technology) that catches my interest.
Eventually I am confronted with: multiple open browser windows each containing multiple tabs (roughly one task/mental thread per window with multiple sub-tasks/sub-threads per tab), a text editor, a PDF viewer, some work application(s) (Word, Visio, etc.) and the ubiquitous Gmail window floating in there somewhere (and let’s not forget my IM and cell phone).
I can continue a session like this until interrupted by an outside force (a scheduled real-world event, human contact) or by sheer exhaustion.
This is especially the case when I’m coding something. Being completely untrained, I move through a project seeking supplemental information as the need arises, often going down a path of execution until I realize it was inappropriate, too complex for me to complete or simply wrong before retreating to a previous point of understanding and continuing again. It’s exhilarating in a way but perhaps not the most efficient method of working . . . or perhaps it is just a new way of working. When all the answers to all the questions that might arise in the course of completing a task are available to you via a simple Google query then why not learn and execute that learning simultaneously?
In any event, on a daily basis I am bombarded by this constant stream of new, external information that is commingled with my existing thoughts/plans/agendas/work. Then, when I abruptly unplug, leave the house and exist outside in the open air with nothing but my own thoughts and no ability to access additional data there is a period of disorientation, anxiety, even confusion. It can be difficult to concentrate and leads me to do things like write long rambling texts into my cell phone using only my thumbs.
* * *
The text above was written on my Treo while sitting in a dimly lit movie theatre waiting for a film to begin. (The movie was Junebug and it was really good.) A massive number of typos were corrected later.
I’m looking forward to my trip to Arkansas. I leave today.
-peebo
Footnotes
[1] continuous partial attention – This phrase was referenced in two separate articles in the July 31st, 2005 issue of Technology Review:
Social Machines, by Wade Roush – I was thinking of this reference (and copied the definition from the magazine I had in my bag) when writing this text.
“. . .the hosts of the conference. . .had decided that no one should have Internet access from the main ballroom. . .
. . .Forbidding live blogging at a technology conference, he remarked, “seems a very retrograde move. . . .
. . . Some commended Mossberg’s decision and warned against the perils of “continuous partial attention,” the state of mental blurriness thought to be induced when information is constantly pouring in from multiple sources. Others extolled the social benefits of “always on” connectivity. “During conferences the back channel can and does enhance the fore channel, especially if I’m able to look up information that would be too tedious, basic, or digressive to ask about during a Q&A,” wrote Gardner Campbell. . . “I can also share the experience, and be newly energized, by being in touch with staff and friends and family who are not able to attend with me.”
Videogame Virtue, b Henry Jenkins – I round (then recalled reading) this reference when looking up the link above for this entry:
Arcadia began as a game about minigames-small, simple games that are increasingly embedded within larger and more complicated games. It evolved into a game about multitasking, one that links the management of game resources with the management of one’s own attention. That’s actually a core issue for many of us right now-how to manage our perceptual and cognitive resources in what digital community builder Linda Stone characterizes as an age of continuous partial attention.
Stone argues that there is a growing tendency for people to move through life, scanning their environments for signals, and shifting their attention from one problem to another. This process has definite downsides-we never give ourselves over fully to any one interaction. It is like being at a cocktail party and constantly looking over the shoulders of the person you are talking with to see if anyone more interesting has arrived. Yet, it is also adaptive to the demands of the new information environment, allowing us to accomplish more, to sort through competing demands, and to interact with a much larger array of people.
[2] Richard Saul Wurman coined the term “Information Architect“, which he defined as “The study of the organisation of information in order for the user to find their navigational way to the knowledge and understanding of information“.”
I was thinking of the definition of “data” as a precursor to “information” as described in Wurman’s 1989 book Information Anxiety. (This book is now out of print but a revised version, Information Anxiety 2, was published in 2000.)
- Data. Despite its abundance it’s not the driving force of our age. Data out of context is not information and, as such, is simply the raw material which we start with in order to reach understanding. A block of granite is not a sculpture until you take away all the spare stone, even though the shape “is there”.
- Information. It comes from the way in which data is presented and organised. This conveys, or lets it reveal, the meaning or, at least its interpretation. Going from data to information represents coming from sensory to conceptual. It’s data distillation.
- Knowledge. What differentiates knowledge from Information is the complexity of the experiences that you need to reach it. In order for a pupil to have a good knowledge of a topic he/she has to be exposed to the same data set in many different ways, from different perspectives and he/she has to elaborate his/her own experience of the same. For this reason, according to Shedroff, education is a notoriously difficult task. Knowledge cannot be transferred from one person to another, it has to be built by the person him/herself. In this sense, Shedroff promotes “experience design” as the way to create the experiences that build knowledge in the most efficient way.
- Wisdom. The ultimate level of understanding. With it we understand a broad enough set of patterns and meta-patterns in such a way that we can use and combine them in new ways and situations that are completely different to those that served us to learn. Wisdom is, like knowledge, something personal that has to be elaborated intimately, that unlike data and information, is bound to certain people and is lost when they disappear. For this reason it’s almost impossible to transmit it directly.
[3]. . . nature of my job – As in Information Architect/Interface Designer I feel that I’m especially vulnerable to the discursive aspect of browsing the web. I could be looking for something as trivial as a weather forecast or movie time and become distracted by a novel interface element or organizational feature of the site, which could then cause me to abandon my primary task completely in favor of exploring/understanding the mechanics the page itself. Meta browsing.